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Markets > Construction > Glossary of Terms
The Carmeuse Lime & Stone glossary of terms is a great resource for our customers and visitors. Here you can find definitions for many industry terms and acronyms regarding the multiple uses of lime. You'll find this section to be a useful supplement to the research papers and case studies available through our website. Locate a definition in the immediate display of general terms or choose an industry from the list to find terms specific to their application.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, iron blast furnace slag, or coal bottom ash used as a component in concrete or mortar with a hydraulic cementing medium to produce either concrete or mortar.
Aggregate of low density used to produce lightweight concrete or concrete products. Examples of LWA include coal bottom ash, pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; coke combustion products; CCPs that may be screened bonded or sintered.
An area designated to utilize soil and rock in construction.
The mass of a material per unit volume including voids. Bulk density is usually reported on a dry basis.
An inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strength by chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates, and is capable of doing so under water.
A mixture (mortar, concrete, flowable fill - CLSM, or grout) containing hydraulic cement, or a mixture (flowable fill - CLSM, grout stabilized/fixated FGD material) that may not contain hydraulic cement but may contain Class C fly ash, FBC ash, lime or lime kiln dust.
Fly ash, which meets criteria, defined in ASTM C618, including the requirement that the ash be produced solely from the combustion of coal. Class C fly ash is produced from the combustion of sub-bituminous and some lignite coals. It is "self reactive" or "cementitious" in the presence of water, in addition to being pozzolanic. It usually has a calcium oxide content that is greater than 10 percent. See cementitious ash.
Fly ash, which meets criteria, defined in ASTM C618, including the requirement that the ash be produced solely from the combustion of coal. Class F fly ash is produced from the combustion of bituminous, anthracite and some lignite coals. It usually has a low calcium oxide content.
A product of burning finely ground coal in a boiler to produce electricity. It is removed from the plant exhaust gases primarily by electrostatic precipitators or baghouses and secondarily by wet scrubbers. Physically, fly ash is a very fine, powdery material, composed mostly of silica, and nearly all particles are spherical in shape. Coal fly ash is a pozzolan. See fly ash.
The densification of a soil or coal combustion product by means of mechanical manipulation; reduction in bulk volume of solid waste by rolling and tamping. Also, reduction in bulk volume or thickness of a body of fine-grained sediments in response to increasing weight of overlaying material.
Weight per unit volume, expressed as grams per cubic centimeter or pounds per cubic foot for solids and liquids and usually as grams per liter for gases.
A fluid, low strength material that can be used for backfill or structural fill needs, and referred to as controlled low strength material (CLSM) by the American Concrete Institute. It flows like a liquid, sets up like a solid, is self-leveling, and requires no compaction or vibration to achieve maximum density. Coal Combusion Products (CCP) are used in manufacturing flowable fills. The proportion of the CCP in the flowable fill mixture can be 100 percent for an all ash flowable fill that consists of a combination of a Class C (high lime) fly ash and a Class F fly ash and water. It can be a major portion of a mixture that consists primarily of fly ash or fly ash and bottom ash and a small amount of cement or cement and lime. Also it may consist of only a high lime Class C fly ash (derived from the burning of Powder River Basin sub-bituminous coal) and sand with no addition of cement. The term flowable fill also applies to Fixated FGD material that is enhanced with added lime or cement and that is used in underground mine filling applications.
The calcium content of fly ash expressed as calcium oxide (CaO). Class F fly ash generally has less than 10 percent CaO, whereas Class C fly ash may contain in excess of 20 percent CaO. Free lime is typically not available in Class F fly ash and typically only 1 to 3 percent or less free lime is available in Class C fly ash.
The glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, by immersing in water. It consists essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases. It competes with the use of fly ash in concrete.
A mixture of cementitious material and water, with or without aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourable consistency without segregation of the constituents. Grouts are proportioned with fly ash and other materials.
The conventional term given to the phenomenon of strength development that occurs when lime and certain aluminosilicates react at ambient temperatures in the presence of water.
An index that measures pozzolanic activity based on the strength of cementitious mixtures containing hydraulic cement with and without the pozzolan, or containing the pozzolan with lime.
Siliceous or siliceous and aluminous materials that in themselves possess little or no cementitious value but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium oxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitious properties.
Any change to in situ soils that results in immediate effects that can expedite construction operations. These changes can be measured in terms of moisture reduction, improved California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and/or decrease in plasticity.
A permanent change to in situ soils which improves their physical characteristics. Soil stabilization allows the soil layer to be assigned a structural support value as an integral part of a pavement structure.
CCPs that are blended with a cementitious binder to induce or enhance a pozzolanic reaction. Example: wet FGD material mixed with fly ash and lime.
An engineered fill with a projected beneficial end use that is typically constructed in layers of uniform thickness and compacted to a desired unit weight (density) in a manner to control the compressibility, strength, and hydraulic conductivity.
Either a chemical or physical reaction or both between sulfates usually in soil or groundwater, and concrete and mortar; the chemical reaction is primarily with calcium aluminate hydrates in the cement - paste matrix, often causing a deterioration.
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